The Big List of 25+ Business Writing Tips

Drafting business copy can be challenging. When you’re trying to develop content that helps sell products or gets more customers to sign up for your services, you need to be persuasive, informative and entertaining. Whether you’re new to the business writing world or a seasoned veteran, this isn’t always easy. However, there are a few tips business writers can follow to improve their content and see more conversions. Let’s check out 25 business writing tips you can use to start writing better copy. Planning 1. Get to know your target audience, including what their fears, problems and needs are. 2. Before you begin writing, understand the purpose of what you’re about to create. 3. Put the proper planning into each new piece of content. Mapping out an outline will save you time in the long run. 4. Try mapping out complex ideas before you begin writing. Connecting points, thoughts, and important details before you start your first draft can save time and make the process easier. Process 5. Write a rough first draft to help get your ideas flowing. You can always perfect your content later. 6. If you’re struggling to come up with your introduction, skip it. Start with your first main point and come back to your introduction after you’ve finished. 7. Write the headings of your articles first. This will give you an outline to follow, helping you stay on topic. 8. Use the Pomodoro Method to help you stay focused. Set a timer for about 20 minutes. During that time, only focus on writing your copy. When the timer is done, take a short break. Keep repeating this process until your content is complete. 9. Remember to take it one step at a time. Don’t try to edit before your first draft is completed and don’t start writing until your outline is finished. Focus on the process and slow down when necessary! 10. Structure your post for scan-ability. Focus on bite-sized chunks of content that are easily absorbed and use subheadings and bullets to add clarity. Copywriting 11. Use language that flows naturally. While you may be writing for a business, you still want your reader to enjoy engaging with your content! 12. Include different headings to help your readers understand which information is the most important. Indicatinga hierarchy can help your reader identify which content connects. 13. Don’t try to impress your readers by using extensive vocabulary. It is more important that you get your ideas across clearly and efficiently. 14. If a short, simple word will explain your thought just as well as a long one, always use the simpler word instead. 15. Create emotion within your copy. Although your content is for a business audience, you still want your readers to connect and engage with it on a personal and emotional level. Editing 16. Don’t smother your verbs. Adding unnecessary words around your verbs can cause confusion and inconsistency. 17. Be direct about what you need. Avoid using verbs that don’t precisely describe the outcome you’re hoping to receive. 18. Avoid the passive voice. 19. Craft your copy with the end reader in mind. This may mean adjusting verbs, terms, or lingo that you use to fit the needs of that particular individual. 20. Avoid jargon and buzzwords. These terms tend to come and go, so don’t make a habit of using them in your writing. 21. Don’t be afraid of a one-sentence paragraph. 22. Have multiple editors read through your content. Check your copy once yourself, then hand the project off for an additional proofread. 23. Edit your content for more than just grammar and spelling. Make sure your copy meets the needs of your customers, accurately provides them with new information, and that you’re providing that information in the best way possible. 24. Read 25 Tips for Editing Your First Draft Bonus 25. Listen to your audience’s feedback. The better you understand their expectations, the more likely you are to provide them with high-quality content. 26. Check out the Content Writer’s Guide to Grammar, Punctuation and Structure 27. Hire one of our expert copywriters. Constant Content takes the hassle out of finding, hiring and managing freelance writers. You’ll be surprised just how easy content creation can be.

Emotional Eating Essay Essays

Emotional Eating Essay Essays Emotional Eating Essay Essay Emotional Eating Essay Essay Emotional feeding is a upset that involves the consumption of nutrient as motivated by an individual’s emotional province alternatively of biological procedures ( Canetti. Bachar. A ; Berry. 2002 ) . Even if an person is non hungry or already full. eating still continues as response or get bying mechanism for certain emotional provinces. normally negative emotions such as choler. anxiousness. confusion. solitariness. or unhappiness. Emotions related to emphasize besides cause emotional feeding. The common position of emotional feeding is as a impermanent status triggered by the oncoming of certain emotions. Normally. this becomes a job for people merely when this has progressed to other jobs such as depression or fleshiness. Nevertheless. the figure of people sing emotional feeding supported attempts to turn to the emotional job in clinical pattern. Emotional feeding could besides take to serious physiological and psychological wellness jobs if unresolved every bit good as comprise the possible manifestation of other underlying clinical jobs. Addressing emotional feeding becomes a preventative step and solution to more serious jobs. Existing intercessions include psychiatric guidance and diet monitoring by a dietician ( Field et al. . 2008 ) . However. the intervention of emotional feeding depends on individualised diagnosing ( Buchanan. 2004 ) because of discrepancies in the causes and manifestations of the status in different people. Emotional feeding is a upset with environmental and psychological constituents. These two constituents explain the causes and manifestations of emotional feeding and point to intercession or intervention options that should see these two constituents. The environmental constituent of emotional feeding refers to two causes of the upset. One is societal feeding or the common pattern of socialisation around nutrient. Social assemblages normally bond around nutrient with people devouring more than usual to observe an juncture. It is besides common for friends soothing each other and supplying support. to eat comfort nutrients that are normally high in sugar. The other is the childhood wont of nutrient as a agency of showing attention or wages ensuing to the development of emotionally driven fond regard to nutrient in maturity. The jubilation of every success is nutrient. with the measure reflecting the value of the success to the individual. All state of affairss necessitating comfort besides calls for nutrient consumption. ( Field et al. . 2008 ) The psychological constituent revolves about stress as the trigger for emotional feeding. Stress elevates the hydrocortisone degrees of persons. Cortisol is a endocrine released by the organic structure to react to emphasize through heightened mental operation or encouragement of energy. However. inordinate release of hydrocortisone could do people to hunger for nutrient. Anxiety and depression could besides do people to eat to quiet themselves or to ease their uncomfortableness. ( Canetti et al. . 2002 ) Current and Future Research and Treatment Directions on Emotional Eating The current research on emotional feeding focal points on the causes and manifestations of emotional feeding to name persons. the function of personality typologies in helping diagnosing and placing hazard groups. the consideration of gender as a ways of finding hazard groups. and intervention options. One account for emotional feeding is general dissatisfaction. A survey finding the leaning to prosecute in emotional feeding of persons. by utilizing Maslow’s hierarchy of demands. indicated that people puting themselves at the lower degrees of the demands hierarchy have a higher leaning to eat to ease their dissatisfaction. ( Timmerman A ; Acton. 2001 ) Mood association evolved as another account for emotional feeding. Depression and negative tempers have strong effects on emotional feeding. The motive for emotional feeding is to see the well-known pleasance in eating nutrient. particularly comfort nutrients such as Sweets or debris nutrient. Pickings of midnight bites due to the inability to kip because of anxiousness. depression and bad temper supported the association. ( Bekker. new wave de Meerendonk. A ; Mollerus. 2004 ; Grilo A ; Masheb. 2004 ) Human ecology besides emerged as a causal account for emotional feeding. The positive factors associated to nutrient find emotional fond regard to nutrient in times of anxiousness. depression or emphasis. The media besides piques people’s emotional fond regard to nutrient. ( Field et al. . 2008 ) Research on the agencies of naming emotional feeding and other closely related eating upsets focused on personality typologies to assist in placing hazard groups. Peoples with personality upsets comprise a important figure of people diagnosed with emotional feeding and other eating upsets ( Picot A ; Lilenfeld. 2003 ) . Persons with low self-prides are besides more susceptible to eating upsets ( Beeker et Al. . 2004 ) . Impulsiveness and thrill-seeking behaviours are besides more likely to develop eating upsets with the fulfilment of cravings made to fulfill the demand to see new esthesiss ( Grilo A ; Masheb. 2004 ) . Gender. age and race are besides focal point of surveies on hazard groups for emotional feeding. The survey of dark feeding showed that work forces are more likely to eat nutrient after dinner ( Grilo A ; Masheb. 2004 ) . Womans and minority groups have greater concerns over form and weight due to media influence and cultural norms taking to the perceptual experience of nutrient as tempting pleasances. This leads to the fond regard of comfort and pleasance to nutrient. ( Patel. Pratt. A ; Walcott. 2003 ; Ross A ; Wade. 2004 ; Vingerhoets. Nyklicek. A ; Denollet. 2008 ) There are two interlinked research tendencies on intercessions for emotional feeding. One is bar through early sensing via psychological trials. The questionnaire for eating upsets ( Q-EDD ) could be a diagnostic step for emotional feeding intended to use to all eating upsets ( Callahan et al. . 2003 ; Milos et Al. . 2005 ) . This is a general diagnostic trial for all sorts of eating upsets with psychological constituents. The emotional feeding graduated table ( EES ) remains an of import specific tool in finding people susceptible to emotional feeding every bit good as placing the being of concurrent upsets such as depression or personality upsets. ( Palmer. 2005 ; Courbasson. Rizea. A ; Weiskopf. 2008 ) Interviews are of import diagnostic tools in finding instance history and personality factors ( Callahan et al. . 2003 ; Palmer. 2005 ) . The other research tendency is intervention. which could be either inpatient or outpatient depending on the accompaniment of other upsets. The end of intervention could be the accomplishment of healthy weight through behavioural weight direction plans. relief of physical complications. direction of co-occurring psychological upsets through drug disposal and/or psychotherapeutics. and guaranting non-relapse through self-help schemes ( Pritts A ; Susman. 2003 ) . Other intercessions include anxiousness and stress direction. diet. exercising. and an overall healthy life style for people without co-occurring psychological upsets to halt emotional feeding. A figure of alternate interventions exist to halt emotional feeding by aiming emphasis such as stylostixis. relaxation exercisings. and herbal medical specialty. ( Cleary A ; Crafti. 2007 )

Lexeme - Definition, Etymology and Examples

Lexeme s In linguistics, a lexeme is the fundamental unit of the lexicon (or word stock) of a language. Also known as a  lexical unit,  lexical item,  or  lexical word. In corpus linguistics, lexemes are commonly referred to as lemmas. A lexeme is oftenbut not alwaysan individual word (a simple lexeme or dictionary word, as its sometimes called). A single dictionary word (for example, talk) may have a number of inflectional forms or grammatical variants (in this example, talks, talked, talking). A multiword (or composite) lexeme is a lexeme made up of more than one orthographic  word, such as a phrasal verb (e.g., speak up;  pull through), an open compound (fire engine;  couch potato), or an idiom (throw in the towel;  give up the ghost). The way in which a lexeme can be used in a sentence is determined by its word class or grammatical category. Etymology From the Greek, word, speech Examples and Observations A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning, which exists regardless of any inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. Thus, fibrillate, rain cats and dogs, and come in are all lexemes, as are elephant, jog, cholesterol, happiness, put up with, face the music, and hundreds of thousands of other meaningful items in English. The headwords in a dictionary are all lexemes.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003) Specifications of Lexemes [A] lexeme is a linguistic item defined  by the following specifications, which make up what is called the lexical entry for this item: its sound form and its spelling (for languages with a written standard);the grammatical category of  the lexeme (noun,  intransitive verb, adjective, etc.);its inherent grammatical properties (for some languages, e.g. gender);the set of grammatical forms it may take, in particular, irregular forms;its lexical meaning.These specifications apply to both simple and composite lexemes.(Sebastian Là ¶bner,  Understanding Semantics. Routledge, 2013) The Meanings of Lexemes Definitions are an attempt to characterize  the meaning or sense of a lexeme and to distinguish the meaning of the lexeme concerned from the meanings of other lexemes in the same semantic field, for example, the elephant from other large mammals. There is  a sense in which a definition characterizes the potential meaning of a lexeme; the meaning only becomes precise  as it is actualized in a context. Since the division of the meaning of a lexeme into senses is based on the variation of meaning perceived  in different contexts, a tension exists in lexicography between the recognition of separate senses and the potentiality of meaning found in definitions. This may well account in large part for the divergence  between  similar-sized dictionaries in the number of senses recorded and in consequent differences of definition.(Howard Jackson and  Ã¢â‚¬Å½Etienne Zà © Amvela,  Words, Meaning and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology, 2nd ed. Continuum, 200 5) Invariable and Variable Lexemes In many cases, it makes no difference whether we take a syntactic or a lexical perspective. Lexemes such as the and and are invariable, i.e., there is only one word corresponding to each. Also invariable are lexemes like efficiently: although more efficiently is in some respects like harder, it is not a single word, but a sequence of two, and hence efficiently and more efficiently are not forms of a single lexeme. Variable lexemes, by contrast, are those which have two or more forms. Where we need to make clear that we are considering an item as a lexeme, not a word, we will represent it in bold italics. Hard, for example, represents the lexeme which has hard and harderand also hardestas its forms. Similarly are and is, along with be, been, being, etc., are forms of the lexeme be. . . . A variable lexeme is thus a word-sized lexical item considered in abstraction from grammatical properties that vary depending on the syntactic construction in which it appears.(Rodney Huddleston and G eoffroy Pullum, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Pronunciation: LECK-seem

Change & Change Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change & Change Management - Term Paper Example This is a fiction with an artistic approach Cheese as a word. Cheese has been used in the text to mean something that the company or organization holds dear (Spencer 14), hence why I chose this fictional text for analysis. The Cheese in this case refers to the livelihood, status and way of life that the four characters had in their environment (Spencer 14). For a company, the Cheese would be the status in the industry, the market size, the customers as well as the profits that they earn from their operations. When the Cheese is exhausted in the original station the four characters have to look for other ways to survive, just like how it happens when change occurs in any company. The mice are able to detect change before it happens and find ways to deal with it, while the little people wait for the change to happen before they can find ways to deal with it (Spencer 36). The intention of Spencer is to teach managers and anybody else interested in moving well with changes in an organiza tion. Most of the time, individuals would want to maintain the status quo because they are very comfortable with the current situations and would not like to put in more efforts to have a different status. Change is simply the alteration of the status quo or making things look differently from their original look. In organizations, change refers to the alteration of the overall work environment. Change can occur due to external or internal forces which disturb or force the status quo to be disturbed. Change caused by internal forces is called proactive change while that which is caused by external forces such as competition is referred to as reactive change. In Who Moved My Cheese, the writer uses four characters to describe how people react to change. Sniff and Scurry the mice are non judgmental and non-analytical. All they needed was cheese and were willing to do whatever it takes to get it. For the two little humans; Haw and Hem, cheese has a different meaning. It is a means of l ivelihood and helps them attain some sense of worth. When change occurs, a reaction to the change is in most cases involuntary and unplanned because most people fear change because they lack control over it. Change happens either to the individual or by the individual (Moris & Neering 76). It is because of this reason that Spencer shows us that what really matters the most, when it comes to change, is the attitude. It is important for an organisation to find ways of adopting to change. For example, big companies like IBM and Microsoft must craft ways of maintaining a competitive edge in the market and for them to do so they must embrace change in and outside (Moris & Neering 769). Introducing change is difficult and the process leaves different individuals with emotions and hatred for their managers and change agents. The best way of introducing change is aligning the company’s objectives with those of individuals (Yongmei & Pamela 265). Spencer’s allegory in Who Moved My Cheese, in this case is seen when the cheese is exhausted in one station and the two little people had to adopt a change; they had to craft other means of getting their daily bread (Spencer 36). As their way of adopting to change, Sniff and Scurry used try and error tactics. They searched one corridor after the other without assuming those corridors where they had never found cheese. Sniff, who is gifted with the skill of finding the direction of cheese, does so and scurry, goes ahead. Like managers in a company that is looking up for a positive change, they sometimes got lost but they retrace their direction and find their way (Spencer 34). This is not true for the mice alone; Denial in the process of adopting change is common in organizations.

Programmatic Changes in the Islamic Politics Assignment

Programmatic Changes in the Islamic Politics - Assignment Example People of the west have been misinformed about Islam as some of their journalists have disseminated wrong information about Islam and created a bad impression about the religion. Though, some of these aspersions are relatively true as some minor members of the Islamic community are guilty of what they have been accused of, but this is not to say that the whole Islamic community should be regarded as being demonic. In view of these accusations, the government of the Islamic countries should create a medium that would seek to portray the good image of Islam and the people that practice the religion to the Western countries and this would go a long way in correcting the wrong impression that has already been created about the religion. The Muslim societies have been known to practice a religion that does not permit freedom in their societies. The negativity in this impression should also be corrected as the religion does not tolerate sin and frowns against performing activities that could cause a person to commit sin. The Islamic community is, in fact, a free society as the individuals in these societies have the freedom to choose and do what they liked as long as it does not impede on their religion and take their hearts away from their God. The only thing that could be said not be free in Islam is that they do not have the freedom to sin and the act of doing this attracts severe penalties in the religion. The Western civilization, which is known for its principle of freedom and the protection of the fundamental human rights of its citizen claim that Islam does not guarantee freedom to all. They are of the opinion that the laws of Islam do not permit freedom to the bulk of its citizen, which includes women and the youths.

Three major causes of the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Three major causes of the French Revolution Essay The French Revolution had many causes. Some of the causes were dealt with political, social, and economical reasons. Out of the three estates, the third was the most dissatisfied with the conditions. The ideas of the Enlightenment lead to new views of the government and society. In this essay three causes of the French revolution will be discussed. One of the major cause of the French Revolution was the clashes between the diverse types of social classes in French society, first, second, and thirds estate. The third estate demanded changes from the French government. As stated in document 3, three changes were to reform the abuses and tyranny of letter de cachet, the tax on land should be equally paid by all classes, votes of the third estate should be taken by head. The largest group of the third estates was the rural peasants. Some were prosperous landowners who hired laborers to work for them. The bourgeoisie sat at the top of the middle class. They consisted of prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufacturers. It also included the officials who staffed the royal bureaucracy, as well as lawyers, doctors, journalists, professors, and skilled artisans. The poor people of the estates were extremely poor indeed as told in document 1. There is an inequality in taxes the each group must pay. Lands owned by the nobility are taxed lower than the lands owned by commoners. The price of bread had risen too high for the poor people to pay. In the third estate the urban workers were the poorest. They earned miserable wage. The slightest rise in food could lead to hunger or starvation. Peasants were forbidden to kill rabbits that ate their crops, but the nobles could. Peasants were angry when nobles hurt by rising prices tried to reinstate old manor dues. The middle class had knowledge of the ideas of the enlightenment. This caused them to want reforms. As quoted from document 4, which is an excerpt from The French Revolution, by Albert Mathiez, The Revolution came from them the middle class. The middle class asked for a lot and they wanted equality. Due to the pressure for reforms, the king summoned an Estates General. Louis XVI had all three estates prepare cahiers listing their grievances. This way the estates got to put down in righting what the wanted  changed or revised. Many cahiers called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press, or regular meetings of the Estates General. The third estate had probably made most of these reforms. As seen above the middle class had a lot to do with the French revolution. Some were extremely poor and some were wealthy but they were all treated the same. This applied to all the estates. Clashes between the diverse types of social classes in French society, the poor people of the estates being extremely poor, and the middle class knowledge of the ideas of the enlightenment, were all causes of the French Revolution.

Book Review On Grapes Of Wrath :: essays research papers

A Critical Review of: John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck wrote this book in the hopes that people would be able to see what was happening to our nation’s people. He wanted to open their eyes to see the hardships that migrants faced everyday and he accomplished this through the telling of the Joad’s family story. Starting with the day that their ex-convict son comes home on parole, the lives of the Joad’s never really go back to normal. After being evicted from their property by the bank, the whole family packs up and goes the only way they can…West. Their plight involves beginning a new life by casting away the methods of the past and being able to endure the misfortunes that life throws at them. Of course their progress is hampered by an unreliable truck and by the “quest for the dollar'; that all migrants had. Through their journey to find work and settle down, the Joad’s encounter many calamities that test their relationship as a family and their own limits as individuals. As in real li fe, not everyone succeeds with his or her goals, and this story of hardship is no different. In the beginning of the book we get an early look at Steinbeck’s ideals when Muley Graves says,“…if a fella’s got somepin to eat an’ another fella’s hungry—why, the first fella ain’t got no choice.'; This is something that was very true back in the past and something that most people lived by. Families could not see people starve to death when they had food to eat themselves. Although they might be starting a new life, the ideals don’t change because that is what makes an individual unique. Uncle John Joad said, “Go down an’ tell ‘em. Go down in the street an’ rot an’ tell ‘em that way.'; Steinbeck’s writing style, as always, is rich with colorful language and sensual images. His pages are filled with lines such as, “The dust-filled air muffled sound more completely than fog does,'; and all sorts of literary elements from similes to personifications. There is one thing that a reader will never get with The Grapes of Wrath and that is bored because of how descriptive the settings are. The passages of nature are especially vibrant and it would be those that you could imagine very easily because of the picture he paints. The dialogue of the book is unique in that it is written the way it was spoken in the past.

Positive Effects of Caffeine

According to a secondary research, which I carried on the effects of caffeine on human health, I found out that, Caffeine is the most consumed substance globally, it is commonly found in beverages such as; coffee, tea, soft drinks and also in cocoa contained in various products, it is also found in medical products. Due to the high consumption by the public, many scientists have tried to bring the public to the knowledge of the effects of caffeine on human health. Positive Effects of Caffeine Although it is argued that, the intake of a small amount of caffeine does not create adverse effects such as the cardiovascular effects, toxicity and also a change in the personal behavior and effects on male fertility. Coffee is seen as a widely drink globally, carrying various advantages such as; it acts as a stimulator for the human beings’ central nervous system whereby it is known that it enhances the production   hormones such as adrenalin which is well known for the management of stress by the body. Caffeine is said to be an increasing agent of intellectual activities when a person is tired, it also speeds up the metabolic activities whose importance is to conserve glycogen and glucose and therefore, maintaining the activity of the brain and reduces hunger in a person. It also acts as a protective agent against the cirrhosis of the liver; it also prevents crystallization of cholesterol and lessens the risk of growth of gallstones. Caffeine also increases the human heart beat temporarily in addition to this, it stimulates the functions of the lungs, and it also allows the manufacture of urine in the body. Urine production; lastly it is best used for relaxing of smooth muscles such as the bronchial muscles. Negative Effects of Caffeine on Human Health Despite the said advantages about coffee, people are called upon to learn and have more knowledge on the negative effects of the caffeine this effects include; a high consumption of caffeine results in the reduction of energy in the body, since coffee contains various chemicals such as caffeine, creosote, pymdine, tars and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are normally produced by the roasting of the coffee beans under a high temperature heat. Each of these chemicals carries its own effect on the health of a person whereby, caffeine is well known to be interfering with adenosine which carries a calming effect in the brain. The Cortisols are known to be causing high blood pressure diseases by increasing the pumping action of the heart which comes as a result of the blood vessels constriction. According to the research done, on the effects of caffeine on human fertility, reproduction, lactation and development, it was found that it leads to a reduction in the weight of a child during his development, but this comes as result of an excessive intake of coffee, this is because it affects the hematologic factor of the infant though it has no effect on the composition of the maternal milk but it stimulates its production. Coffee is best found to be containing chemicals that are found causing the stomach lining irritation, whereby it acts as a causing factor of most digestive disorders. Coffee also contains a high amount of vitamin K that is said to be affecting the Coagulabilty of the blood that is known to be affecting those people who have high risks of various heart diseases such as heart attacks, stroke and blood clots. Recommendation Due to this, the expectant mothers are advised to have a limited intake of coffee, this is because caffeine is known to be associated with an increased risks of bone fractures and also, it leads to a reduced mass of the bones coming up as a result of a higher caffeine in the blood which affects the absorption of calcium nutrients, thus enhancing a low calcium intake which ends up weakening the bones. Coffee is also known to be reducing kidney stones whereby, the flow of urine is increased while its concentration is reduced Therefore, we are advised to carry out the following measures in order to avoid the negative side effects of caffeine, when a woman is pregnant or nursing a baby, therefore she should not be allowed to take coffee, also those people suffering from diseases such as; gall stones, heart diseases and high blood pressure, mental illness and also those suffering from anxiety are also advised not to use caffeine since it is noticed to be increasing the disease condition in the body. Conclusion From the research I therefore conclude that, the consumers should use the decaffeinated coffee which is said to have a less effect on the human health. In this case, the research showed that in the past decaffeinated coffee was normally extracted through an industrial method that involved the use of some chemicals benzene, chloroform, trichloroethylene and dichloromethane as a result of environmental pollution, the manufacturers started to apply the following methods which is applied up to date in the manufacture of decaffeinated coffee; this involve the extraction of water under which the beans of the coffee are soaked in water, after soaking, the water including caffeine and other chemicals are placed into a charcoal that is always activated that is meant to eliminate the caffeine from the coffee. This water is therefore taken back to the beans and is allowed to evaporate until dry, this evaporation and drying gives the decaffeinated coffee with a good taste which is said to maintain the good scent of coffee thus attracting more consumers. References Fernandez, C. (1993): Fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before & during Pregnancy:   270-2940:2943 JAAM Griffiths, R.R. (1990): Low-dose caffeine physical dependence in humans; Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics:-255, 1123:1132, Vlajinac, H. (1997): Effect of caffeine intake during pregnancy on birth weight; American Journal of Epidemiology; 145,335:338.         

Transport Network

Transportation and Logistics Goals Amanda Contreras November 16, 2012 640 The central goal of my company is to keep retail prices low. Working with suppliers to ensure their prices are constantly low, but also means price changes are kept to a minimum. Aiming to become lowest cost producer, the firm can compete on the price with every other industries and earn higher unit profits. Cost reduction provides the focus of the organization strategy. It targets a broad market.Competitive advantage is achieved by driving down costs. Price Leadership – The Company is well known for its â€Å"Every Day Low Pricing†, but is aiming to give the consumer greater value for each product category. Through leverage selling general and administrative expenses, the Company can ask suppliers to introduce efficiencies in the transportation of items. This can be the supplier to the distribution center, distribution center to the store and also within the store.Since transportation can be as m uch as one-half to two-thirds of the total cost of distributing product it only makes sense to drive is in as many efficiencies into your transportation network as you possibly can. The 1st strategy is to limit the margin that would have to be paid to a third-party providing that service. The 2nd strategy is controlling the fleet my company can control the quality and timing of the service to move the freight from the distribution centers to the stores.That 2nd strategy is an important goal in reducing labor costs and maximizing the utilization of assets and resources. Currently, the vendor manages nearly all vendor shipments to my company. My company arranges backhaul pick-ups at vendors after one of its trucks makes a delivery to its stores. More stock will be needed prior to the seasonal upturn in sales volume. As sales decline, less merchandise is needed. My company balances the â€Å"need for speed† with the costs inherent in the mode of transport.This includes the rate charged for the service, minimum weight requirements, loading and unloading facilities, packaging, possible damage in transit, and any special services that may be required. The basic modes of transportation are water, rail, motor carrier, air and pipeline. Water being the slowest mode with rail, motor carrier, and air following in order of speed of delivery. Generally, the order is reversed when looking at costs. Selection of the appropriate carrier has several steps. First the firm selects a transportation mode.The shipper must compare the service desired with the rate or cost of service. Service usually means transit time or the time that elapses from the time the consignor makes the goods available for dispatch until the carrier delivers to the consignee. Once the mode and type of carrier is determined a final decision can be made based on other factors. Accessibility is one such factor. Some firms have geographic limits to their routing network. Others may not possess physical access to needed facilities or have the ability to provide the equipment and facilities that movement of a particular commodity may require.Reliability, the consistency of the transit time a carrier provides, is also a key factor. Finally, convenience and communication are other important considerations when selecting a carrier. Measures that a transportation firm would use to judge its performance include: orders shipped on time, orders shipped complete, order preparation time, product availability, and transit time. From the customer perspective performance can be gauged from orders received on time, orders received complete, orders received damage free, orders filled accurately, and orders billed accurately.

Mary Ann Shadd essays

Mary Ann Shadd essays Mary Ann Camberton Shadd was born into the loving arms of Abraham Doras Shadd and Harriet Parnell on October 9, 1823 in Wilmington, Delaware. She was the eldest of 13 children. Mary grew up a free black in a slave state. She saw many frightened escaped slaves, as her house was a station where her family helped and sheltered them. This and being influenced by her father made her determined to change the way things were as much as she could. Mary Ann Camberton Shadd is a hero because she fought for equality, she faced the people who thought different, and she was definitely one of the many people to shape the way our world is today. Mary published many articles, a newspaper, and spoke out about her beliefs. She wrote many articles for the North Star, a newspaper about black independence and self-respect, after the publisher read and was impressed by her pamphlet Hints to the Coloured People of the North. A few years later she published a booklet, Notes of Canada West to encourage blacks to live in Canada as slavery was abolished in Canada on August 1, 1834. Mary also began writing many anonymous articles for other papers, in which she attacked one of her competitors, Henry Bibb. In August of 1852, Mary founded the Provincial Freeman. She used the paper to tell about events, to investigate the truth, and to express her opinion. When Bibb commented about his opponents at the Provincial Freeman, he said that they were a set of half cracked, hot headed individuals. He also stated that the newspaper is unworthy of the support of the well-wishers of our race. Its publication ended in 1861. Other then writing and publishing, Mary spoke out. She travelled the United States and Canada lecturing mainly about racism and womens rights. A reporter for Frederick Douglass Paper states that she told ...one of the most convincing and telling speeches i ...

How to Grow Salt Crystals

How to Grow Salt Crystals Table salt, also known as sodium chloride, is a crystal (a symmetrical solid substance made entirely of the same material).  You can see the shape of a salt crystal under a microscope, and you can grow your own salt crystals for fun or for a science fair. Growing salt crystals is fun and easy; the ingredients are right in your kitchen, the crystals are non-toxic, and no special equipment is required.   How to Grow Salt Crystals It takes very little work to start the process of growing salt crystals, though you will need to wait a few hours or days to see the results, depending on the method you use. No matter which method you try, youll need to use a hot stove and boiling water, so adult supervision is advised.   Salt Crystal Materials table salt (sodium chloride)waterclean clear containera piece of cardboard (optional)string and pencil or butter knife (optional) Procedures Stir salt into boiling hot water until no more salt will dissolve (crystals start to appear at the bottom of the container). Be sure the water is as close to boiling as possible. Hot tap water is not sufficient for making the solution. Quick Crystals:  If you want crystals quickly, you can soak a piece of cardboard in this supersaturated salt solution. Once it is soggy, place it on a plate or pan and set it in a warm and sunny location to dry out. Numerous small salt crystals will form. Perfect Crystals:  If you are trying to form a larger, perfect cubic crystal, you will want to make a seed crystal.  To grow a big crystal from a seed crystal, carefully pour the supersaturated salt solution into a clean container (so no undissolved salt gets in), allow the solution to cool, then hang the seed crystal in the solution from a pencil or knife placed across the top of the container. You could cover the container with a coffee filter if you like. Set the container in a location where it can remain undisturbed. You are more likely to get a perfect crystal instead of a mass of crystals if you allow the crystal to grow slowly (cooler temperature, shaded location) in a place free of vibrations. Tips for Success Experiment with different types of table salt. Try iodized salt, un-iodized salt, sea salt, or even salt substitutes. Try using different types of water, such as tap water compared with distilled water. See if there is any difference in the appearance of the crystals.If you are trying for the perfect crystal use un-iodized salt and distilled water. Impurities in either the salt or water can aid dislocation, where new crystals dont stack perfectly on top of previous crystals.The solubility of table salt (or any kind of salt) increases greatly with temperature. Youll get the quickest results if you start with a saturated saline solution, which means you want to dissolve salt in the hottest water available. One trick to increase the amount of salt you can dissolve is to microwave the salt solution. Stir in more salt until it stops dissolving and starts to accumulate at the bottom of the container. Use the clear liquid to grow your crystals. You can filter out the solids using a coffee f ilter or paper towel.

Thesis(Research) Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thesis( ) - Research Proposal Example While this is the case, no study has been conducted about the Chinese students’ experience of acculturative stress or culture shock in the Canadian environment. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap. Hypothesis This study hypothesizes that different environmental factors such as accommodation, place, and college type impact on the way Chinese students in Canada adapt to acculturation stress. Objectives 1. To establish the extent to which Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study. 2. To establish how Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study. 3. To establish the different environment changes that Chinese international students in Canada experience that lead them to experience acculturative stress. 4. To come up with recommendations that will help Chinese international students in Canada overcome acculturative stress Research Questions 1. To what extent do Ch inese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study? 2. How do Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study? 3. ... Based on these insights, the policy makers can develop effective policies to deal with acculturative challenges. The results of the study may be important to Chinese students seeking to study in foreign countries as it may help them understand what to expect and deal effectively with culture shock. Managers, principals and professors of educational institutions may find the results of the study important as they may get an insight into how to help Chinese students in foreign environments adapt fast to new learning environments and cultures. Literature Review Over the past couple of years, the number of students leaving China to study overseas (mainly the U.S.A., U.K., Australia, and Canada) has been growing at an estimated 20% annually (Gu, 2013). A report by China’s Ministry of Education indicated that about 340,000 students from China sought education overseas in 2011 (Xu, 2012). In 2012 alone, according to the United Nations, one in every international student was Chinese. Going by current trends, it is estimated that there are more than 490,000 Chinese students in various educational institutions abroad in 2013 (Xu, 2012). The general trend toward the preference to study abroad among Chinese students is driven by the belief that education outside the boarders of China is more systematic and comprehensive, and that the experience is better than they otherwise would get in China. Other students are motivated by the fact that they do not have to sit for and pass university entry exams when they opt to pursue education in foreign educational institutions (Anonymous, 2013). Like other immigrants, Chinese students studying in foreign countries normally experience acculturative stress and its effects. Acculturative stress is a