Contextual Analysis Demonstrates A Patient †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Contextual Analysis Demonstrates A Patient? Answer: Introducation The relevant investigation exhibits the a patient named Alan was admitted to the ward with a similar issue and expected to encounter a medical procedure called the TURP or Transurethral resection of the prostrate so his reactions can be survived. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary bunch is in like manner required to manage his negative viewpoints genuinely to give him a fabulous life. The paper will discuss all the above concentrations in focal points. This report will clarify the pathophysiology related with the current ailment that Alan, the patient viable is battling with and the nursing intercession that is material for this circumstance. It is basic to discuss the etiology and the pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia remembering the ultimate objective to appreciate the earnestness of the patient's condition. Kind Prostrate Hyperplasia is generally connected with the intensification of prostate organ. The prostate organs for the most part include the urethra, a cylinder that helps in the section of pee, conveying it from the bladder outside of the body. This is viewed as one of the outcomes of maturing in men, where the prostrate organ gets broadened and in like manner they start smashing or hindering the urethra achieving issues in peeing (Gratzke et al., 2015). Investigators generally recommend that developing is one of the peril factors that immediate these disarranges. In addition, family ancestry and ethnic establishment can moreover go about as supporters of the disarranges. Anyway diabetes and weight are the factors that could be the central reason behind the occasion of the appearance. Experts have suggested that both BPH and diabetes share an ordinary pathogenic framework where there is alteration of the male hormonal activity that gets influenced by the IGF (Oelke et al., 2013). There is closeness of insulin like advancement factor in the prostatic tissues and in this way there is high shot of these accepting the standard part in occasion of the dissipates. Lifestyle issues, for instance, nonappearance of action, disgraceful sustenance, keep away from food, normally achieves robustness which moreover transforms into a risk factor for the strife, other than that overwhelming drinking and weight is viewed as one of the prime reasons prompting this irregularity in the maturing men (Vignozzi et al., 2014). While discussing the pathophsysiology of the disturbance, masters have seen that is the guideline factor behind the occasion. In the prostate organ there is the sort 2 5-alpha reductase which is accountable for absorption of the streaming testosterone of the individuals and as such changes over them into the exceptional androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As the receptors get animated in this circumstance, there realizes augmentation of the smooth muscle tone which fuel cut down urinary tract signs. Right when these receptors are blocked, it can achieve reversible action along these lines loosening up the muscles and relieve of any reactions of LUTS. Transurethral resection of the prostrate is a medical procedure that uses visual instruments and retroscope to trim out the overabundance tissue of the prostrate that covers with the urethral cylinder which had been discouraging the pee stream (Grocott et al., 2013). After the medical procedure, it wraps up observably standard to see a couple of coagulations in the pee as the injury of the patient starts to retouch. The presence of blood cluster in the pee is known as the hematuria, and there can be different makes driving the blood discharging into the pee beginning from urinary tract disease, kidney contamination, kidney and bladder stones, urinary injury, and considerate prostrate hyperplasia. If there should arise an occurrence of the patient viable for this contextual analysis, kind prostrate hyperplasia is the purpose behind the presence of blood clusters in the pee, because of the way that his bladder was immersed or flushed with water, the blood may get diffused into the bloo d once the water framework is topped. After the medical procedure, it was seen that the patient's key signs were not fitting. It is to be certain centrality for the clinical orderlies to screen the patients fundamental signs after medical procedure remembering the ultimate objective to develop an idea with respect to the condition of the patients. The internal heat level of Alan was 35 degree Celsius which is in reality lower than the customary of 36 or 37 degree Celsius, which for the most part demonstrates pee maintenance by the body. Anyway Alan showed high heartbeat pace of around 128 each second when the regular heartbeat rate should be 60 to 80 bangs for every second. Heartbeat ordinarily gets higher after activity when there is pressure or appearance of blood and fever (Thiele et al., 2015). Other than that, in the event of stomach medical procedures, the oxygen treatment can likewise assume a critical job in spiking the beat rate higher than the ordinary rate much after the medical procedure is finished. Alan's respiratory rate or the RR is in like manner saw to be high around 30 breathes in a second which is significantly higher than the normal RR of 15 to 20. The high respiratory rate can be demonstrative of any post usable lung injury or disease, an ascent in the oxygen immersion can likewise be a critical purpose behind the equivalent. This may be a direct result of stress of the activity as chances of respiratory issue or any illness or effect of sedatives were not noted for the circumstance contemplate. Circulatory strain is the proportion of the weight which the blood makes when it flows through the gracefully courses. The customary circulatory strain that should be accessible in an individual is 120/80 mm HG. Hypertension or hypertension can be depicts as the weight which is more than 140/90 mm Hg. As Alan's circulatory strain is higher than this for around 160/90 mm Hg, the expansion in the respiratory rate and the beat rate can be noteworthy purposes for this. Hence interventions are ought to have been taken by the clinical specialist to impact it to go leveled out. Every now and again use of analgesics sooner or later raise the beat for 20 to 30 mmHg (Johnston et al., 2015). The specialist should give him incredible medications like ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers which will all help by affecting the heart to throb even more bit by bit and thusly make the veins free. The respiratory pace of the patient may be high a result of the usage of sedation side effects or as a result of his history of alcohol drinking. Mechanical ventilation may assist the clinical chaperon with recovering back the stable RR of the patient and keep him out of hazard. Hypothermia is a perilous condition, consequently the nursing mediation for lifting his internal heat level like re-warming the patient by giving hot showers, steam inward breath, warmed cushions or warm air covers, and so forth. The crucial people who are ought to have been consolidated into the interdisciplinary gatherings other than the apportioned experts and moreover the nursing bunches are the dietician, the diabetes quiet teachers and medicine and alcohol misuse educator, social laborers as he is living alone, and liquor guiding as he is an overwhelming consumer A multi dimensional gathering is much of the time fundamental to give a general treatment for the patient with the objective that the various social and also physical improvement should be conceivable to the patient other than dealing with the physical signs (King et al., 2017). The experts and the clinical chaperons partake in giving the patient easing from his current issue by fitting medical procedure and after consideration medical procedure so she he can get again into his quality life. Diabetes sort 2 instructor accept a basic part in affecting the patients to make prosperity capability by giving a broad diabetes guidance to family and th e patient, accumulate blood glucose at an and help in perception of the outcome estimations. The diabetes teacher would structure the consideration that will empower a smooth advancement over the consideration settings. A dietician in the gathering is moreover fundamental for Alan to upgrade any business related co-morbidities, helping him in progression of the dietary confirmations and besides change of the eating structures. These would assist the gathering with guaranteeing that dietary needs of the patients are met close by the give weight targets (Holescher et al., 2013). As a person from the multidisciplinary gatherings, they will for the most part work with Allan to devise individual, sensible weight decrease centers in different sort of complex helpful cases using verification based practice. They will outfit Allan with a tweaked, specific and what's more age and socially legitimate direction considering the whole conditions of Allan and not solely on his dietary points of v iew so he may have positive experience of care (Bleisch et al., 2015). The Substance maul teacher would help the gathering in indentifying the issues of Alan and furthermore hit a conversation with him to know the essential driver. They will at that point make destinations and treatment prepares for the patients by indicating them appropriate methods of managing worry close by different treatment meetings, outfitting the gathering with updates and advance reports.- he is type 2 diabetes, alongside that every part should be referenced about their clinical job and how might they help Alan in increasing quick recuperation, and the nursing proficient responsible for him must pass on to every individual from the human services group for Alan about their clinical jobs unmistakably and definitely. On a finishing up it very well may be said that prostate growth or kind prostatic hyperplasia is a pretty much regular event in the moderately aged or maturing men, and is legitimately considered as the outcomes of maturing as a rule in men. The main clinical mediation to this clinical issue anyway is careful and TURP is first

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone Essay

Examination of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone - Essay Example The paper Investigation of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone examines the purposes behind a gigantic measure of buzz being created around the dispatch of iPhone and talks about the points of interest and drawbacks of the techniques received by Apple in propelling iPhone since specifically the promoting procedures brought such a success.The showcasing systems embraced by Apple so as to advertise its iPhone picked up the commendation of business specialists all over the world. The essential technique of the organization was to make an underlying business sector blast through broad battling on the uniqueness of the item. Further Apple guaranteed to use the waves made in the market by these crusades for the item. The organization could effectively start an anxiety in the clients to sit tight for the arrival of the item. The dispatch of iPhone was quite examined in the media particularly by the business investigates and in the long run the dispatch was made to issue much for the regular man as well.Apple could effectively utilize its past item iPod which was propelled in 2001 as foundation to the crusade for its new versatile innovation titled ‘the iPhone’.The iPod was end up being an impressive achievement as far as business. The item was interesting in its utility and compactness. This uniqueness was very much used by the organization while propelling iPhone. The similitude in the name was purposely made by Apple, so as to enable its clients to relate the quality and market notoriety of its new item to that of iPod.

Lexapro Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline & Treatment

Lexapro Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline & Treatment Depression Treatment Medication Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Lexapro Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 01, 2019 More in Depression Treatment Medication Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Types Childhood Depression Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs & Symptoms Coping & Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Lexapro (escitalopram) is a prescription medication used to treat depression and anxiety. It belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs have long been associated with withdrawal symptoms. While doctors still refer to these symptoms as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, some many people believe the name minimizes the seriousness of the problem.   Overview Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the U.S. Of the more than 40 million people who take them in a given month, about one quarter have been taking them for more than ten years.?? Ten years may seem like a long time, but people are afraid that stopping their antidepressants will lead to relapse of their symptoms or withdrawal. Whether you are stopping Lexapro because it is not currently effective or youre better off and youve decided with your doctor it makes sense to come off, the quitting process can be a real pain. More than half (56 percent) of people who quit antidepressants experience withdrawal symptoms.??   If you are one of the people who experience withdrawal symptoms, you can expect those symptoms to range from mild to severe. The most common symptoms of Lexapro withdrawal are dizziness, muscle tension, and chills, which each affect about 44 percent of users. Many people also experience confusion and difficulty concentrating. Other symptoms include cognitive issues and bouts of crying.  ?? The 5 Major Classes of Antidepressants Signs Symptoms Lexapro withdrawal can take a real toll on your life, both physically and emotionally. SSRIs like Lexapro work by increasing serotonin levels in your brain. When you stop taking them, it takes your brain a while to get used to the drug’s absence. Unfortunately, the amount of time this takes can vary widely. Lexapro withdrawal symptoms typically arrive one to three days after your last dose. There are, however, cases where it started sooner (within hours) or later (more than a week). Symptoms generally resolve within a few weeks, although they can potentially continue longer. Recent research has found that the severity of SSRI withdrawal is much worse than previously believed. On average, about 46 percent of people experiencing SSRI withdrawal symptoms describe them as severe. ?? Severe symptoms indicate that withdrawal can potentially interfere with your ability to meet responsibilities at home and at work.   There is a checklist for measuring the severity of antidepressant withdrawal that you may find helpful. It is known as the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms Scale, or DESS. There are several different SSRI medications available that each affect the brain in unique ways. On a range of lowest to highest chance of severe withdrawal symptoms, Lexapro sits around the middle. The most common symptoms of Lexapro withdrawalâ€"occurring in more than one in four peopleâ€"are as follows:?? dizzinessmuscle tension  chillsconfusiontrouble concentratingtrouble remembering thingscrying The following is a more complete list of symptoms associated with SSRI withdrawal:?? Digestive. You may experience nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, or appetite loss.Balance. You may become dizzy or lightheaded, sometimes making it difficult to walk.Sleep Problems. You may have nightmares, unusual dreams, excessive/vivid dreams, or insomnia.Overall. You may have flu-like symptoms including headache, muscle pain, weakness, and tiredness.Mood. You may have anxiety, agitation, panic, suicidal ideation, depression, irritability, anger, mania, or mood swings.Bizarre Sensations. You may experience brain zaps (like an electrical shock or shiver in your brain), pins and needles, ringing in the ears, strange tastes, or hypersensitivity to sound.Motor Control. You may have tremors, muscle tension, restless legs, unsteady gait, or difficulty controlling speech and chewing movements. Coping Relief The best way to find relief from Lexapro withdrawal is to avoid it altogether. First off, avoid quitting cold turkey, because doing so may increase the likelihood of severe withdrawal. Second, set up an appointment with your prescribing doctor to discuss your reasons for quitting and your quitting plan. If you are still suffering from symptoms of depression, your doctor may want to transition you to another medication or combination of medications. In the past, doctors have recommended a quick medication taper down to the minimum therapeutic dose. (A taper involves taking progressively smaller doses over the course of days or weeks). ?? Recent research published in a prestigious medical journal outlines new recommendations for treating and preventing SSRI withdrawal symptoms. According to these researchers, the best way to stop an SSRI is with a very slow, very long medication taper. They recommend a taper lasting upwards of one month that continues well past the minimum therapeutic dose until the dose is zero.?? Warnings When you stop or reduce your dose of Lexapro, there is a risk that you may begin to feel suicidal. Large-scale research studies have found a clear association between the discontinuation of antidepressants and suicide attempts.?? It is important to keep this in mind during your withdrawal experience. If you begin noticing unusually strong symptoms of depression it imperative that you seek help immediately.   If you or someone you love shows any of the following signs or symptoms after stopping Lexapro, get help:?? Planning how you would commit suicide if you were going to do itTalking or thinking about suicide more than normal, for example, “I wish I were dead”Gathering the means to commit suicide, such as bullets or pillsFeeling hopeless or trappedHaving intense mood swingsEngaging in risky or self-destructive activities, such as driving drunkBecoming preoccupied with death, dying, or violenceGetting affairs in order or giving away belongingsSaying goodbye to people as if it were the last time   Long-Term Treatment About 50 percent of people who recover from one episode of depression will have more depressive episodes in their lifetime.?? If Lexapro didn’t help or you had to stop taking it because of unwanted side effects, then you will need to develop a long-term plan to treat your depression or anxiety. This may include trying different antidepressants or combinations of antidepressants. Talk therapy is also an evidence-based treatment for depression and anxiety. Not every therapist is going to be a good match for you, so take the time to find a therapist who you will enjoy working with. You may need to try out a few people before you find the right fit.     Resources If you or someone you love is experiencing suicidal thoughts, call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255). You will be connected with staff or volunteers at a crisis center near you. The people on the other end of the line can help you calm down and figure out what to do next. If your doctor isn’t helping, consider finding a new psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist in your area. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has a searchable directory of qualified providers. You can also call them at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). If you have health insurance, you can also search the company’s list of local providers who accept your insurance. A Word From Verywell Lexapro has helped millions of people like you and me get our lives back. But what happens next? Most people don’t want to be on antidepressants for the rest of their lives, but they are afraid of what will happen when they finally quitâ€"relapse, withdrawal, etc. Your concerns are not unfounded, getting off antidepressants can be really hard, but with proper planning, it is possible to have a seamless transition. Talk to your doctor about a slow and lengthy taper. You’ll be down to 0mg before you know it. Tips to Reduce Antidepressant Discontinuation Symptoms

Applying Regulations in Varying Care Settings - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 581 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Regulations in children hospital and midwifery hospital Midwifery hospital assists women in giving birth. Neonatal is about young children who are sick. Children require high specialization together with experience. The two cares setting is very sensitive and requires a nurse to be very attentive to details (Sandall, et al, 2016). Nurses working in the above types of the hospital have an obligation to be very cautious since children may not be able to express themselves. The first similarity between Neonatal hospital and midwifery hospital is that they are organization dealing with caring for children.   Midwifery clinic assists children to be born safely while Neonatal hospital takes care of children after they are born (Spittle, et al, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Applying Regulations in Varying Care Settings" essay for you Create order The second similarity is ethical regulations are similar in both hospitals and nurses should act with the aim of providing the patient with the best medical care (Spittle, et al, 2015). The nurses should never discriminate patients who seek help from those hospitals The third similarity is hospitals must comply with the laws of the state and local laws for them to be allowed to continue operating. The fourth similarity is that the two types of care centers require skilled and experienced staff to be able to handle the newborn babies. The newborn babies cannot talk hence the doctors depend on skills and knowledge to treat the children (Liebler,   McConnell, 2016). Every hospital has nurses specializing in various fields. The fifth similarity is that they should keep patients records safely and protect it. Patient’s data should only be disclosed to the patient or those people close to the patient and not everybody. The differences in coverage and participation between children hospital and maternity hospital are: First, children hospital deals with the kids parents while midwifery hospitals deal with women giving birth. This means maternity involve adults and children while children’s hospital is for children alone. The second difference is the environment. The immunity of children is low hence they are highly protected. Children’s Hospital has places with clean air and with no contaminations where children are treated from (Liebler,   McConnell, 2016). Children can easily get affected by bacteria in the air (Sandall, et al, 2016). Patient’s record in a children hospital can be accessed by the parent and the person looking after the child. It should be protected from getting into the hands of other people. Only those people who have the authority to access it should be allowed. The parents make decisions for the child. In a maternity, the details of the child can be given to the parents only. The mother makes her decisions and for the child. Any person wishing to obtain the health details of any patient whether adult or child should fill a form requesting the information (Spittle, et al, 2015). They form must be convincing why they need the details of the patient. The administrative structure in a maternity hospital depends on information given by the adult in determining what the problem might be then they can do laboratory tests if there is a need (Sandall, et al, 2016). In a children’s hospital, the nurses rely more on the signs they can see and laboratory tests when the child cannot speak to say what they feel. The nurses or the doctor must ensure they focus on individual needs for every patient as directed by the administrative structures. The hospital must have competent staff; follow the set policies, while the nurse must administer the right drug to the right patient.

Is a Fair Tax in Americas Future

The FairTax, much like the Flat Tax, is one of the better supported â€Å"Let’s dump the tax code† ideas from politicians that  would abolish all federal income taxes, death taxes, capital gains taxes, and payroll taxes and replace them with a national retail sales tax. No, there is not a space missing between Fair and Tax. FairTax is how Rep. John Linder (R-Georgia, 7th), sponsor of the Fair Tax Act of 2003  chose to market his innovative tax reform legislation. Momentum behind the FairTax continues to build, said Linder. Not only do my colleagues recognize the harm done to the American people by the overly intrusive and burdensome income tax code, their constituents recognize it every April 15th. To Rep. Linder, momentum means his Fair Tax Act has gained the support of several other lawmakers -- now including powerful House Majority Leader Tom DeLay (R-Texas, 22nd). The bill now has 21 co-sponsors – more than any other fundamental tax reform legislation in the House – and they represent a bipartisan coalition of members from across the nation, said Linder. Overview of the FairTax In place of all current federal taxes, the FairTax would place a 23% sales tax on the final sale of all goods and services. Exports and business inputs (i.e. intermediate sales) would not be taxed. Individuals would file no tax return at all. Businesses would only need to deal with sales tax returns. The IRS and all 20,000 pages of IRS regulations would be abolished. Under the FairTax, no federal taxes would be withheld from employees paychecks. Social Security and Medicare would be funded by sales tax revenue. Effect of FairTax on families The FairTax would provide every family with a rebate of the sales tax equal to spending up to the federal poverty level. The rebate would be paid in advance and updated according to the Department of Health and Human Services poverty guidelines. Based on the 2003 guidelines, a family of four would be able to spend $24,240 annually tax free. They would receive a monthly rebate of $465 each and every month ($5,575 annually). Therefore, no family would pay tax on essential goods and services, and middle income families would be effectively exempt from tax on a large portion of their annual spending. Why is the FairTax Fair? According to Rep. Linder, the current tax code violates the principle of equality. Special rates for special circumstances violate the original Constitution and are unfair. Under the FairTax, all taxpayers would pay the same rate and control their liability through their spending. Tax paid would depend on the individuals chosen life style. Basically, the more you spend, the more tax you pay. Will the FairTax pass? Probably not, but it does have wider support in Congress than the Flat Tax ever managed to gather. The addition of DeLay and 14 other co-sponsors in the last month alone is just the latest positive news regarding the FairTax. In February, the annual report of the White House Council of Economic Advisers stated for the first time that elimination and replacement of the complex and arcane federal income tax code with a consumption tax would increase efficiency in the tax system and promote investment and growth. The report stated that a consumption tax, like the FairTax, could very well be the most suitable replacement for the income tax system. While the FairTax Act of 2003 never passed, it and other alternative tax plans like it continue to be proposed and introduced in Congress.

Operations Management and Information Systems Free Essays

string(116) " processes rather than providing unlimited functions which may be available in other open-source software packages\." Introduction: Operations management in the contemporary business environment requires the application of various strategies which enhance reliability, efficiency, and effectiveness in the process of getting goods to the final consumer. An important aspect of operations management includes supply chain management which suggests that it is essential for a firm to be aware of how it will deliver goods to the final consumer and through which channel or mediums. The contemporary business environment requires the use of technology to support operations management and to enable effective communication with various parties in the production and supply chain process (Bonaccorsi Rossi, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Operations Management and Information Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Accordingly, this report focuses upon a boutique business by the name of Heelz and is based in England. The business has gradually grown over the years and now amounts to seven stores out of which two are located in Spain. Thus, the business is looking to internationally expand and gain market share in the European market. Due to the recent expansion, the owner of the business, Sally has purchased a warehouse in South England. Sally wants to launch an e-commerce arm to her existing business but is not interested in incurring excessive additional expenditure. As Sally’s boutique, Heelz and the three new shops she has bought from Zapatos have completely different technological systems; she needs to integrate the two new parts of the business and must also addâ€Å"b2c† e-commerce functionality within her business. Sally’s requirements include full integration of these information systems with the retail stores and not only relying upon return/exchange or purchase o f goods via courier. Sally requires advice on whether the use of open source software is appropriate for her business as she feels that the use of packaged software would be a highly expensive option. This report will focus upon the use of open source software and compare it to the use of packaged software. The report will begin with a general analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using open-source software. The report will then continue with a comparative analysis of using packaged software and apply it to Sally’s situation in order to determine whether the use of open-source software is appropriate for the business. The report will then continue to explain the Strategic Systems Information Planning Process and conclude with a summary of the main points made in the report. Advantages and Disadvantages of Open-Source Software: The use of open-source software is a relatively new concept which has become increasingly popular over the years. One of the biggest reasons for this popularity is because the use of open –source software is completely free. However, as the software is developed by a non-profit community, it also suffers from some disadvantages. The first advantage of open-source software is free to use and it is also free to distribute to various consumers (Lerner Tirole, 2002). Moreover, it is also easy to modify open-source software. The use of open-source software involves very low costs which amount to only a fraction of the costs associated with using other similar packaged software (Dahlander Magnusson, 2008). Open-source software is accessed by a large community of people thus bugs are fixed instantly and users do not have to wait for the next release of the software to fix problems. Thus, the use of open source software enables the use of a secure and stable code. The use of open-source software is not dependent upon any particular company or person and the use of the software can continue whether the company or the person exists or not. Open source software uses a format which is easily accessible for everyone and does not have problems of being incompatible with certain formats. Moreover, there is no need for the use of anti-piracy measures and complex licensing models like those used in packaged software (Weber, 2004). However, there are various disadvantages of using open-source software which include not being straightforward or easy to use. Thus, such software cannot be learnt in a day and require extensive training or the hiring of a professional before they can be properly used. All functions are not easily used on open-source software and there may be some problems in integrating proprietary software with open-source software. Hardware functions may have a problem in being compatible with open-source platforms which makes it vital to use third-party drivers (Lakhani Von-Hippel, 2003). Hence, it is highly advisable that adopting open-source platforms should not be a choice based upon the low-cost involved. Thus, firms should appropriately analyze and understand the requirements of open-source platforms before they decide to implement and use them in their business (Crowston, Howison, , Annabi, 2006). Advantages and Disadvantages of Packaged Software: Packaged software include IT solutions which are bought from companies offering a whole solution to IT applications with various functions. Such software includes customer relationship management software, enterprise management software, and other solutions which help companies organize their customer records and operations and provide an efficient flow of information from one party to another. Using packaged software solutions enables a firm to use smaller programs in which applications are all together. As packaged software solutions are offered at an expensive price, the software packages are also easy to use. Moreover, they also offer a number of functions integrated into one package and thus means it is easier for companies to connect all of their outlets or stores with one software solution (Chen Popovich, 2003). However, there are also certain disadvantages associated with the use of packaged software which include the fact that once a bug or a defect is discovered in packaged software, it may take substantial time to fix this problem or it may only be corrected when a new version of the software is developed. Moreover, purchasing a packaged software solution may be highly expensive for a firm and may require ample effort in integration with all the IT systems of the firm. Moreover, packaged solutions have limited functions and are thus focused upon certain processes rather than providing unlimited functions which may be available in other open-source software packages. You read "Operations Management and Information Systems" in category "Essay examples" Hence, while packaged solutions do offer substantial advantages to the consumer, they also pose a certain number of disadvantages as well. Accordingly, it is important for a firm to analyze whether it is appropriate for it to use a packaged solution or whether it is appropriate for it to use another IT solution according to its specific requirements (Reinartz, Krafft, Hoyer, 2003). Analysis: Sally’s boutique, Heelz, has expanded to a large extent and is now internationally dispersed in Europe with three outlets. Moreover, as Sally has added a warehouse in South England to her business, there is a need for her to be able to integrate all of her retail outlets, warehouse, and her customers via one system. While Sally does not wish to incur immense overhead costs, she is more interested in using open-source software packages to integrate her e-commerce system. However, as mentioned above, while using open-source software platforms may be low-cost and economical for some firms, it is vital to not only consider the low-cost aspect of using open-source software but a firm should consider its particular circumstances (Xu et al, 2002). In Sally’s case, using open source software would provide her with an economical solution, a variety of functions, and the ability to make the software compatible with different systems. However, the problems posed with the use of open-source software are that it is less reliable, may not be efficient, and may also be highly confusing to use. It may also be problematic to use open-source software while attempting to integrate it with various hardware systems. As Sally has to integrate various parts of her business with her â€Å"b2c† e-commerce solution, she requires a reliable network which would also be customized to suit her needs and appropriately attend to the requirements of the Heelz brand name. Thus, while she does not want to incur excessive cost, using open-source technology may not be appropriate to suit the reliability and efficiency needs of her business. Moreover, she is likely to incur excessive costs by using open-source technology as she would probably have to train workers to use the software that she opts to use and it would be difficult to integrate the software on all the hardware systems in her various stores (Parvatiyar Sheth, 2001). Accordingly, as Sally’s operations are dispersed across borders and she needs to integrate the stores, warehouse, and her customers with one another, she needs a reliable and efficient solution which will be easy for her customers to use, easy for her workers to use, and will also best project the Heelz brand name. Hence, it is most appropriate for Sally to use a packaged software solution for her business rather than using an open-source platform (Wilson, Daniel, McDonald, 2002). The next section of this report will explain how Sally can go about integrating various parts of her operations including her warehouse, stores, and customers with one packaged software solution. Customer Relationship Management Software: As Sally wants to set up a â€Å"b2c† e-commerce system and integrate its warehouse and stores through one IT solution, it may be most beneficial for the company to use customer relationship management software. Such software can provide the company with a number of functions which include placing orders and making payments via credit card and other means, communicating with customers, making new offers, and ordering new stock when there is insufficient stock available. Thus, the company will remain in touch with customer demands, be able to forecast future customer preferences, communicate with customers and receive feedback regarding previous stock, and inform customers of new forthcoming stock. Moreover, using such software can make it easier for the company to anticipate future demand trends, keep accurate customer records, and design effective marketing campaigns based upon customer preferences and feedback. It will also enable the company to appropriately manage its supp ly chain and order stock that is needed instead of piling up unwanted stock (Ryals Knox, 2001). In order to integrate CRM software upon all of its systems, the company must ensure that all of its systems are compatible with the software selected and then must install the software upon all of its systems including the company’s warehouse, retail stores including the newly purchased ones from Zapatos, and with its customers. As the software may be relatively easy to use, the company must simply make all of its employees familiar with the use of these systems through one to two training sessions and can then use the systems to their advantage (Mithas, Krishnan, Fornell, 2005). Using a packaged software solution can enable the company to make maximum use of the functions it offers and integrate the software effectively within all of its dispersed operational outlets. Moreover, the company can opt for an economical packaged solution and as it may be a one-time investment, it may not incur the company excessive overhead costs. However, considering the fact that reliability and efficiency are very important for the company because of its growing size and needs, the company should not opt for an open-source IT solution (Mendoza et al, 2007). Conclusion: Thus, according to the specific requirements of Heelz boutique and its growing size, this report concludes that it is most appropriate for the company to opt for packaged solutions in order to integrate its various operational outlets and its customers. The company cannot opt for open-source technological platforms because of their complex nature and because the company’s needs are likely to change often in the coming years. Moreover, the company requires a highly reliable and stable solution which can help the company grow its operations and effectively communicate with its customers (Jayachandran et al, 2005). Accordingly, this report recommends that the company opt for a packaged customer relationship management solution to meet its need for â€Å"b2c† e-commerce with its customers. The company can optimize its use of a customer relationship management software by choosing a low-cost package which is compatible with the hardware installed on the systems of all its stores and its warehouse. Accordingly, the company will be able to efficiently and effectively communicate with its customers, enable them to place orders and track their shipments, provide feedback and complaints, and be informed of new products amongst many other things. Moreover, the company can keep accurate and up-to-date records regarding customer preferences and future demand forecasts (Jayachandran et al, 2005). References Bonaccorsi, A., Rossi, C. (2003). â€Å"Why open source software can succeed.† Research Policy. Vol. 32(7) pp. 1243-1258. Chen, I. J., Popovich, K. (2003). â€Å"Understanding customer relationship management (CRM): People, process and technology.†Business Process Management Journal. Vol. 9(5) pp. 672-688. Crowston, K., Howison, J., Annabi, H. (2006). â€Å"Information systems success in free and open source software development: Theory and measures.†Software Process: Improvement and Practice. Vol.11 (2) pp.123-148. Dahlander, L., Magnusson, M. (2008). â€Å"How do firms make use of open source communities?.†Long Range Planning. Vol.41 (6) pp.629-649. Lakhani, K. R., Von Hippel, E. (2003). â€Å"How open source software works:â€Å"free† user-to-user assistance.†Research Policy. Vol. 32(6) pp.923-943. Lerner, J., Tirole, J. (2002). â€Å"Some simple economics of open source.†The Journal of Industrial Economics. Vol.50 (2) pp.197-234. Parvatiyar, A., Sheth, J. N. (2001). â€Å"Customer relationship management: emerging practice, process, and discipline.†Journal of Economic and Social Research3 (2) pp.1-34. Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., Hoyer, W. D. (2004). â€Å"The customer relationship management process: its measurement and impact on performance.†Journal of Marketing Research. pp. 293-305. Ryals, L., Knox, S. (2001). â€Å"Cross-functional issues in the implementation of relationship marketing through customer relationship management.†European Management Journal. Vol.19 (5) pp. 534-542. Weber, S. (2004).The success of open source 368. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Wilson, H., Daniel, E., McDonald, M. (2002). â€Å"Factors for success in customer relationship management (CRM) systems.†Journal of Marketing Management. Vol.18(1-2) pp.193-219. Xu, Y., Yen, D. C., Lin, B., Chou, D. C. (2002). â€Å"Adopting customer relationship management technology.†Industrial Management Data Systems. Vol.102 (8) pp. 442-452. Mithas, S., Krishnan, M. S., Fornell, C. (2005). â€Å"Why do customer relationship management applications affect customer satisfaction?.†Journal of Marketing. pp. 201-209. Mendoza, L. E., Marius, A., Perez, M., Griman, A. C. (2007). â€Å"Critical success factors for a customer relationship management strategy.†Information and Software Technology. Vol. 49(8), pp.913-945. Jayachandran, S., Sharma, S., Kaufman, P., Raman, P. (2005). â€Å"The role of relational information processes and technology use in customer relationship management.† Journal of Marketing. pp. 177-192. How to cite Operations Management and Information Systems, Essay examples

Police Brutality Essays - Law Enforcement, Crime, Behavior

Police Brutality Racism and police brutality goes hand in hand, and causes a major concern in today's society, in the United States. On March 3, 1991 in California, Rodney King an African American, was pulled over after a high-speed chase, and after stopping was beaten by four white police officers (Worsnop 635). Tracy Brock also an African American was arrested in Manhattan in November of 1986. An officer smashed his head through a plate glass window, when Brock refused to go into the officer's lunchroom (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 14). Ki Tae Kim a Korean grocer was assaulted when he was accused of passing a counterfeit bill. He was punched in the face, his head was slammed into the counter, and the officer also subjected him to racial slurs (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Marcos Maldonado a Latino grocer was mistaken for a suspect after an armed robbery to his store. He was handcuffed, thrown to the floor, repeatedly kicked, and beaten with the officer's nightstick (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 17). Abner Louima a Haitian immigrant was arrested outside a dance club in Brooklyn, and was brutally assaulted when he arrived at the police station. Volpe a long time police officer was accused of shoving a plunger into Louima's rectum so far that his bladder and intestines were lacerated. Then he shoved the plunger into Louima's mouth and broke his teeth (Steinback 8). These are just a few examples of the people who were affected of police brutality, and racism. There are five stages through which force can progress and lead to brutality: Verbal persuasion, unarmed physical force, force using non-lethal weapons, force using impact weapons and deadly force, which most of the officers mentioned before fell into this stage. The deadly force stage is only to be used only when an officer's life or another person's life is in danger. The deadly force stage should be terminated, if not made illegal in the United States. By having the ?deadly force? stage, by law you are permitting someone to commit a murder, and basically saying that it is just. In many of the cases stated before these guidelines were violated, and stronger action was used on the citizen than necessary. The officers who were accused in these cases were charged with only minor offenses, and some were charged with nothing at all. Stronger action should have been enforced on the police officers that committed these crimes. All of these victims mentioned are from minority groups, and were harmed by white New York City police officers. In less than four years fifty -five people have died while in being in police custody, in the New York City Police Department (Police Brutality and Excessive Force in the New York City Police Department 8). This number compared to earlier statistics seems to be low, but still seems extremely high, for the rules and regulations th e officers are supposed to be following. Should the Federal Government increase the punishment on law enforcement officials who brutally hurt citizens that are in custody, or under arrest? Many law enforcement officials appear to have a tough exterior towards crime, but are very sensitive to crime on the inside. Police officers build up negative feelings towards certain races, sexes, or religions. Officers tend to get the impression that if one or a few people treat them with disrespect, than other people of that same sex, race, or religion will treat the officer in the same way. It is has proven that less than five percent of all cops are the ?bad element,? but if they other ninety five percent stand around and do nothing, then that is where the real problem lies (Worsnop 636). Another cause of police brutality and misconduct is the amount of stress that is put upon the law enforcement official. According to Robert Scully who is the president of the National Association of Police Organizations in Detroit, ?There obviously has to be some kind of stress factor at work in brutality cases because stress is an inherent part of policing.?(Worsnop 636). A survey

New Science essays

New Science essays The New Science: Prosperity or Plague? As humanity approaches the new millennium, we are forced to make decisions regarding the future of our race. Our past history has shown us how far we have come and how much we have relied on technology. Will we continue to depend on the new science even with the emergence of controversial issues such We as a race must ultimately decide whether the new science is a prosperity or a plague. It is my firm belief that the increased use of science and technology will set us on road of demise that might ultimately destroy With just one command, a terrorist can detroy an entire countrys population. Just one angry terrorist can set off a World War 3. Just one. This scary thought is the culmination of our increased use of science on weapons. The craetors of biological weapons might regret their actions now, but those actions cant be changed. At that time, these craeyors believed they were creating biological weapons for the good of science, and they truly believed that this would help the world. Because of sciences lack of a limit we are forced into this tight situation in which there is no turning back. Another issue that proves how the new science will be a plague for us is cloning. At the beginning of the realization that we could create identical beings, many people were hopeful for the idea and advocated it be tested on humans. Som even proposed the idea of using clones asdonors for body organs and body parts. Many still feel the same way now. Who are we to play around with the ability to create life? That ability was meant for God and the universe to hold, not for us to play around with. And using clones for body parts? Who are we, to decide who dies? Besides the moral issues, other issues come into play when discussing cloning. One ...

List 10 Types of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

List 10 Types of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Naming examples of solids, liquids, and gases is a common homework assignment because it makes you think about phase changes and the states of matter. Examples of Solids Solids are a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. GoldWoodSandSteelBrickRockCopperBrassAppleAluminum foilIceButter Examples of Liquids Liquids are a form of matter that has a definite volume but no defined shape. Liquids can flow and assume the shape of their container. WaterMilkBloodUrineGasolineMercury (an element)Bromine (an element)WineRubbing alcoholHoneyCoffee Examples of Gases A gas is a form of matter that does not have a defined shape or volume. Gases expand to fill the space they are given. AirHeliumNitrogenFreonCarbon dioxideWater vaporHydrogenNatural gasPropaneOxygenOzoneHydrogen sulfide Phase Changes Depending on the temperature and pressure, the matter may transition from one state into another:Â   Solids may melt into liquidsSolids may sublimate into gases (sublimation)Liquids may vaporize into gasesLiquids may freeze into solidsGases may condense into liquidsGases may deposit into solids (deposition) Increasing pressure and decreasing temperature forces atoms and molecules closer to each other so their arrangement becomes more ordered. Gases become liquids; liquids become solids. On the other hand, increasing temperature and decreasing pressure allows particles to move further apart. Solids become liquids; liquids become gases. Depending on the conditions, a substance may skip a phase, so a solid may become a gas or a gas may become a solid without experiencing the liquid phase.

The Rental Apartment Agency Industry Research Proposal

The Rental Apartment Agency Industry - Research Proposal Example In addition to apartment rentals, we will be providing additional services, which will not be considered our main services, such as car or limo rentals, student admission, translations, and immigration attorneys. We will be targeting people who are coming from the Middle East to start with, then we might expand the business to target a larger segment in the future. You can find more information about targeting and segmentation in the Segmentation section. According to the reports for the Texas medical centers, â€Å"The Texas Medical Center is the largest medical center in the world with one of the highest densities of clinical facilities for patient care, basic science. The Texas Medical Center receives 160,000 daily visitors and over six million annual patient visits, including over 18,000 international patients.† These visitors would definitely need to find the right one or two-bedroom apartments to stay in. We conducted a site survey. Our sample was not too big, 50 Middle Eastern patients and 10 students, and we found the following results: The demand for this service is increasing every year. More patients and students from the Middle East are coming to Houston as mentioned previously because it has some of the best hospitals and schools in the world. The following figures show statistics about the number of patients’ families who come to Houston from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the Emirate and Kuwait who we managed to get from the consulates and the medical attaches offices. On the other hand, the supply is not great. There are very few new firms that enter this industry. Those who already exist are not providing good quality service or customer service, and they are met with too many complaints to be successful. Also, there is no single firm who can provide all of the many services that we are providing. (More information about competitors can be found in the Competitors section.)

Open Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Open Topic - Essay Example Having this picture in mind as one would see fit or relevant, he may likely admit being overwhelmed at trying to rationalize from a political perspective which is mostly responsible on negotiating with this type of crisis. Along this line comes natural inquisition on the availability of feasible solutions and how they can be made capable in the long-term to chiefly target certain causes as high gasoline taxes, , war in the Middle East, civil and political unrests in nations involved, as well as insufficient number of refineries. Nevertheless since the end-users are consistently affected by the price adjustment on gasoline, it essentially matters to bring oneself in the scenario of maneuvering, no matter how implicitly, to effect a favorable balance. At his own rate, an ordinary consumer can for instance think of an alternative way of managing a personal task or operation without having to utilize an engine run by gas.

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage

Factors Affecting the Global Nursing Shortage Nursing shortage has increased greatly and rapidly in recent years with well developed hospital systems. However, as considering nursing job satisfaction, commitment, and quality of care as a significant issues for health care organizations, there are high level of turnover rate and staff absenteeism. Nevertheless, satisfied nurses are more commitment; provide high level of performance, and creative. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated the relationship between staff satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and the quality of provided care (AL-Hussami, 2008). It found that nursing satisfaction is affected by several factors. Higgins (1999) point out, nurses will have a great sense of satisfaction within the job if they work autonomously, and empowered them self. While Chen-chug, Samuels and Judith (2003) indicated that health care policies have an impact on nursing satisfaction as an effective policies will meet the staff needs and be more satisfied. Work related factors such as workload and stress, clinical supervision, salary, leadership style, and motivation are the most related factors related to job satisfaction among the nurses (Bartram, Joiner, and Stanton; AL-Hussami 2008) Working as a nursing demonstrator at King Abdu Aziz University (KAAU) and acting as a clinical instructor in the university hospital (KAAUH) with regard to nursing management, I have a professional interest to enhancing the quality of nursing care by identifying the associated factors of job dissatisfaction. Embarking on this fieldwork, the following paper will focus exclusively on the methods of practicing theory-based and acquired nursing knowledge by employing Herzberg job satisfaction theory into the environment of improving the quality of nursing care and to be satisfied with the job in KAAUH. First of all, reflection of my experience by using Carper model will be presented. Secondly, the concept of job satisfaction will be defined. Then a detailed description of Herzberg theory will be discussed. Finally, applying of Herzberg theory in to practice to have a high job satisfaction among nurses will be explained. Aesthetic: In this experience I tried to maintain a healthful work environment with a high quality of care by reducing the level of stress and anxiety for both the staff nurse and the patient. Moreover, I was seeking to have an effective communication and relationship with this patient to be more relaxed and satisfied with the provided care. Also, the patient safety is an important issue should be considered in this situation as the nurse was complaining from insufficient knowledge about choosing the appropriate vein and the right skills to insert the cannula. So, I asked her to go for a rest and seek for a help from the other staffs to insert the cannula for several reasons. The nurse can be more relaxed without dealing with this patient in this situation. Moreover, in order to avoid the possibility of conflict. In addition, to maintain the safety for the patient by prevent the occurrence of the complications. So, the patient will be in the safe way, more comfortable and satisfied with the pro vided care and no more complain can be documented. However, I felt that the nurse was very confused and she had a low self esteem of what she did, but she did not recognized that this is the best action for both of them. Personal: As a human being I understand the level of the pain and anxiety that this patient was encountered. I felt and I knew that the patient needs a help from the other health care providers to be survived by avoiding the dealing with this irritated staff. Moreover, I recognised that he was aggressive with the nurse not because she is a nurse, but because of his feeling of pain and high level of anxiety. One of the main issues in this situation was the communication. There was no communication and no trust relationship. As the nurse patient relationship is very important to develop a support and trust between them which is considered as a crucial issue while providing the care. The communication process between the nurse and the patient was brooked down that cause a violent behaviour from the patient. Ethics: I think I have managed the situation probably in the right way. The workload and the in appropriate skills could lead to the nursing error which affects on the patients outcomes. As with this experience the patient has the possibility of cannula complication. Moreover, the inability to communicate, understands the patient culture, provide a support and the explaining the problem will increase the level of anxiety and reduce the quality of care. In addition, to understand the nursing profession and their roles is very important concern to enhance the communication and the nurse patient relationship. I think to avoid looking to the nursing job as a terrible job is very important to the nurse to practice and provide the care with high level of confident. Moreover, I am as a nurse needs more attention from the hospital organization and from my nurse manager to develop my career by increasing the level of knowledge. Furthermore, reduce the work overload by suitable staff allocation is an essential. As it is known that the emergency department has crowded patients with different symptoms. In this situation I feel that the nurse manager should allocate two qualified staff in each observational room to decrease the workload possibility. Empirics: Quality in the health care is defined as performing, practicing and providing the care directed to the patients in the appropriate time and way to achieve the excellence and have a best patients outcomes. It noticed that the hospitals with satisfied nurses and low rate of nurses turnover are providing a high quality of care and this could be result in patient satisfaction with the giving care. Nurse staffing has a major role on the patients safety and their outcomes. Evidence based practice reviewed 26 studies of nursing staffing and the patients outcomes. It has reported that the low nurse staff the more clients adverse affects such as pressure sore. Furthermore, it found that there are several factors contributing to the low staff nurses in the hospitals. Workload in the ward with few staff nurses can lead to many effects such as work stress which is identified as the main obstacle of providing a high quality of care. Stress among nursing staff could be result from many different reasons. According to Ditzel.E.M stress is duo to the workload, long hour shifts and the type of the task or procedure. Moreover, nursing participation in the patient care plan is a significant issue to provide a high quality of care. It has demonstrated that a good contribution will result a good outcomes. In addition, the high quality of care can be performed with a high level of knowledge. So , the staff development and continuing education is very crucial in any hospital to produce high qualified and satisfied nurses. At the end of the reflection, it acknowledged that job satisfaction is identified as concept that will be clearly defined and stated in the next section based on evidence. Concept In all hospitals throughout the world, it seems that the main concern of the patient is to receive a good quality of nursing care and to be treated properly. Moreover, nurses are demonstrating their knowledge and skills while giving the care, and make the patients to feel more comfortable through providing the appropriate support for them as a human being ( ). In addition, the quality of care is known as practicing accurately, at the correct time and way for the appropriate person to achieve an excellent result by providing safety, efficiently, timely and focused on patients (Wisconsin Hospital Association 2009). Therefore, to provide a high quality of nursing care through the hospital organizations, the nurses should be satisfied with their job which is considered as a significant issue for the patients, hospitals and for themselves (policy, 2008). Nursing care has been examined, explained, and defined through the literature during the past few decades by a number of researchers. Ho wever, numerous studies have demonstrated that there is a connection between the nursing satisfaction and the quality of provided care. To some extent, dissatisfied nurses with their job will lead to higher rate of patients harmful outcomes (Stanton, 2004). As it found that nursing satisfaction is creating a chain, high level of nursing satisfaction lead to high quality of care and this can result in patient satisfaction within the care (Weiss, 2002). Complementing these studies the other studies have evident that low job satisfaction will affect on the quality of care and raise the plan to leave the career among nurses. Moreover, this issue is considered as a challenge which facing the health care organizations (Buchan and Aiken, 2008). Therefore, define job satisfaction defined as: A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job, an affective reaction to ones job, and an attitude towards ones job(Weiss, 2002). It revealed that nursing satisfaction is associated with many several factors that could affect on the quality of care. As a numerous studies have discovered that work related factors play an important role in nursing satisfaction. Al-ahmadi,H conducted a study to find out the reasons of job dissatisfaction among Saudi nurses, and she found that the job performance and the organizational commitment are strongly affect on the level of job satisfaction. In 2009, Ditzel.E demonstrated that the workload is identified as essential factor which reduce the level of job satisfaction among the nurses and lead to increase the job stress which result in harmful outcomes. Furthermore, based on the review of nine articles Comber and Barriball (2007) have reported that the contributing factors related to the work environment are important with nursing turnover more than the demographic factors. Nurses salary is identified as one of the essential factors of nursing satisfaction. However, some findi ng claimed that nurses salary do not affect on their work, While other studies have shown the connection between the salary and level of job satisfaction among the nurses. Trembly et al., have argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some nurses and let them to quit. Staff development and continuing education has a significant impact on nursing ability to produce high quality of care. Educational programs which are offered by the health care organizations will increase the level of the knowledge to produce a high quality of care and eliminate the possibility of nursing errors. Although previous researchers have identified that nurses careers have various stages, a few papers have recognized that nursing job required different programs to respond to their need(Chang, Chou and Cheng, 2007). Considering the Patient safety it seems that it is the major source of dissatisfaction to most of the nurses. The nurses were unconfident and felt guilty as they were unable to provide the appropriate care (Stanton, 2004). Consequently, the concept of job satisfaction is very crucial as it will affect on their level of performance. Herzberg theory overview In this section Herzbergs theory of motivation is identified as the most appropriate theory that can increase the level of nursing satisfaction, and to provide the patient safety . To effectively apply Herzberg theory in to practice, one needs to fully establish an understanding of the concept and the theory. So, Herzbergs theory of job satisfaction and its feasibility will be clearly described. Frederick Herzbergs is a psychologist who creates the theory of motivation in the late of 1959s and it is known as two factor theory (Marquis and Huston, 2003). In this theory, Herzberg used Maslows general theory of motivation particularly in work motivation (Huber, 2006). The theory was developed after interviewing two groups of employees to identify the main reasons of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. From this interview Herzberg elucidates the contributing factors that motivate the staffs throughout categorizing their individual requirements. Herzberg wrote a phrase which is said  We can expand by stating that the job satisfiers deal with the factors involved in doing the job, whereas the job dissatisfies deal with the factors which define the job context. (Herzberg, 1959). Herzberg states that the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are two different phenomenons (Sullivan and Decker, 2005). Furthermore, the theory developed through two dimensions to job satisfaction. It is based on the  concept that motivation can be  divided into hygiene factors and motivation factors.   Moreover, the theory concludes that there are two type of motivation (Syptak, Marsland and Ulmer 1999). According to Herzberg (1959), Hygiene Factors are not motivates the employees, but these factors can affect on the level of dissatisfaction; in other word, this factors will decrease the dissatisfaction among the staffs. Hygiene factors incorporate supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, and salary. Hence, these factors are related to the environment and lead to dissatisfaction. On the other hands, the motivator factors seems to be the factors that can motivate the employee by gratifying the individuals requirements and needs for personal development as they are associated to the job itself. Motivator factors include achievement, advancement, recognition and responsibility. It appears that with the adequate hygiene factors, the staffs would be not dissatisfied and enough motivators need to be existing to enhance the level of job satisfaction (Huber, 2006). It is important to notice that the opposite of dissatisfaction could not be satisfaction as well as the lack of motivators does not lead to dissatisfaction (Marquis and Huston, 2003). For example, if the hygiene factors are at low level, the staffs will be unsatisfied, and when the hygiene factors are at high level the staffs are not dissatisfies, but they are not motivated for higher performance. Conversely, when the motivators are at high level the staffs will be satisfied and provide a high level of quality (Manisera, Dusseldrop and Kooij, 2005). Critical analysis Herzbergs theory is adequate; he completely addressed his theory. This theory of motivation is clear and understandable as it makes the others to understand the nature of the job satisfaction by introducing these two factors of motivation. Herzberg developed his theory by using the study of Maslow, but he focused exclusively on the work structure. However, he did not define the concept of job satisfaction, but he identified and states the two factors that affect on the job satisfaction. Herzberg recognized the two main factors which are the main component of his theory. Motivator and hygiene factors are simply described and explained by Herzberg. This theory is widely applicable and being used in restructuring and designing the work in many organizations, as Herzberg identified the significant needs for the staff to be motivated and to increase the level of productivity. Based on the two factors of Herzbergs theory, Bare (2004) demonstrates that the nurse managers are deliberating th e motivation factors when they prepare and apply the policies to recruit and retain the nurses for a long period of time. In addition, the managers may also take into consideration the hygiene factors such as salary, as the very well paid is normally the answer for long term problems. There are nemoures studies have supported herzbergs theory. Lundberg ,Gudmundson and andersson (2009) have tested Herzbergs theory in hospitality and tourism management. They found that this theory has been used widely in several contexts. For instance, a study of Parsons and Broadbrides (2006) cited by Lundberg, Gudmundson and andersson (2009), they applied herzbergs classification of intrinsic factors sauch as responsibility, work itself and recognition, and extrinsic factors as working conditions and salary. The significant results reported that there is a high level of satisfaction with intrinsic factors, and low level of satisfaction with extrinsic factors which indicates the agreement with herzbergs theor. Furthermore, a conducted study of Furnham, Forde and Ferraris (1999) gave an example of herzbergs theory application in a study of personality and work motivation, they concluded that motivation factors are significant in the workplace, while heygiene factors are more critica l in selecting a job. Beside these studies, herzbergs two factor theory was applied in a study of nurses satisfaction within nursing crare and work in psychatric units (swedish study), it revealed that this theory support the purpose of clinical supervision which had a convinced effect on nursing satisfaction (Rask and Levander, 2002). Friedlanders (1963) carried out a study that show the agreement with herzbergs theory. In 1963 Friedlanders examined a 17 item questionnaire which evaluate the value of each item as a cause of employee satisfaction. In his result he found that there are three factors, two of these factors were matched with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation, on the other hand the third factor derived from both hyegiene and motivation factors. Moreover, a further study reveald that the results were supported to herzbergs theory was conducted by Halpern (1966). Halpern had 93 subject and they were asked regarding the aspect of liked job on a 7 item scale. In the results he discovered that there are two points, which are satisfaction with the work itself and achievments opportunities, are reported as the best concerns in a liked job. In addition, he added that all of his subjects were satisfied with herzbergs two factors hyiegene and motivation similarly. However, this theory resulted in much controversy in the work place. Part of the argument was due to present the salary as a factor that does not play a role in job satisfaction (Manisera et al., 2005), while Trembly et al., argued that the in adequate salary could be a main reason for some staff for let them to quit. Moreover, some critics do not recognize the clarity between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Huber, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2003; Manisera et al., 2005). Nevertheless, it appeared that part of the doubt around Herzberg theory was in Herzberg methodology and the lack of identifying the relationship between the two variables. Basically, Herzberg was collected his data by interviewing and questioning the employee with two situations related to their job experience. Firstly, they asked to think of time that they feel satisfied and dissatisfied with the job. Secondly, they asked to discuss their situations and identify the factors associated to their satisfaction an d dissatisfaction with the job. Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow (1967) have examined the Herzberg methodology. They reported that Herzberg did not control the number of situations form a given employee, or either the number of the associated factors of their job. They argued that this theory did not state the relation and the effects between these two variables which are hygiene and motivator factors to the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it found that according to Herzberg distinction in his methodology, he will gain different results (Furnham et al., 1999). it is important to notice that the literature have demonestrated other studies that showed the disagreement with herzberg theory. Lindsay et al., (1967) revealed that the results of their study have shown that the staff will be satisfied with their success on a job even if there is a lack in the organization policies, or if there are inadequate environments around the job. However, workers who do not experience as if they have a great achievement on their job will be dissatisfied even if the environments around the job are helpful. Therefore, these results are obviously inconsistent with Herzbergs argument that there is no relation between the two factors. In addition, several studies evident that motivator factors are very significant more than hygiene factors in relation to satisfaction, while Herzberg did not refer to this point in his theory. Furnham et al., (1999) indicate that how can this theory used within the organisations without state the difference of persons gender, culture and age group. However, three main studies demonstrated that their results were supportive with Herzbergs result that hyiegne factors lead to dissatisfaction, and motivator factors lead to satisfaction (Mayers 1964; Saleh 1964; Schewartz, Jenusaitis and Stark, 1963). Moreover, the theory is still valid, applicable, and useful to applied in any management organisation (Furnham, et al., 1999; Lundberg et al., 20 09). To sum up, it believed that Herzbergs theory is being used in various management contexts such as nursing satisfaction, hospitality and tourism management, and in a personality and motivation study. Despite of that fact that this theory is useful, it found that there are a limitation within this theory within the methodology and the relation between these two factors where few studies state that there is a relation. Theory into practice: Basically, using Herzberg theory in any health care organization will motivate the staff and increase their level of satisfaction. Considering the two factors theory, the organizations will be noticed a plenty of changes among their staff on various levels (Byrne, 2006). Herzbergs theory is widely used in the management and nursing organizations. For instance, this theory is used to increase nursing satisfaction in psychiatric unit. Applying Herzberg theory in King Abdul Aziz University Hospital (KAAUH) to increase the level of satisfaction will be as following: Hygiene factors: Despite the fact that hygiene factors (policy, supervision, interpersonal relation, work environment, and salary) are not considering as the source of the job satisfaction, it is important to treat these factors effectively in KAAUH to generate a good environment with satisfied staff and high quality of care. The health care policy is essential in any health care organization. Moreover, the purpose of the policy is to provide a plan of action or instructions to guide decisions and achieve the organization outcomes, increase the quality of care, and staff satisfaction (Huber 2006). However, the nurses involvement in the health policy at KAAUH is very important as it affects on the nurses care and the profession itself. Nurses participation in the health policy as policy makers will make significant changes in the nursing practice, education, responsibilities and roles. It found that the nursing practice has an impact on health care policy (Finkelman 2006; McCloskey, 2004). As a result, the contribution of nurses in health policy is significant in order to raise the level of job satisfaction. Although nursing involvement in the health policy is crucial, the health care policies can be a source of dissatisfaction among the staff nurses (Syptak et al., 1999). However, the policy at KAUH should be clear, easy and should be followed. Moreover, it is important that the policy should be applicable, and easy to access for all the staff by having manual copies in each word. Furthermore, the policies must be updated and depend on the evidence based researchers to enhance the quality of care and patients safety. With regard to clinical supervision, it seems that it strongly affect on job satisfaction, turnover, and the quality of care (  Kristiina, Kaija and  Riina, 2006). In the terms of increase the job satisfaction among new qualified nurses at KAUH, a mentorship program can be applied effectively to reduce the turnover rate and increase the level of performance. Mentorship is known as supportive relationship recognized between the mentor and the mentee, where the knowledge, skills, and experiences are shared through the supervision role (Curtis, 2003). Consequently, Mentors play a critical role in supporting, teaching and assessing the practice which lead to increase nursing satisfaction and improve the quality of care and patients safety (ButtelWorth, 1995). In order to provide an adequate supervision in the clinical area, there are some responsibilities for the supervision. The supervisor at KAAUH should give a clear and positive feedback to make the staffs feel that they can trust their supervisor. Furthermore, the reliable and fairly approach to evaluate the staff performance is very significant issue to consider in this hospital. In addition, this role required leadership skills to treat with all staff equally (ButtelWorth, 1995; Syptak et al., 1999). Considering the interpersonal relation at KAAUH, it can be observed through the process of socializing. With the important role of the nurse manager, there will be an interpersonal interaction between the staff to convey knowledge, value, and supporting each other to achieve their goals (Huber2006). Furthermore, it is important to notice that socializing is very essential process in particular with the new qualified nurses, to have a successful work transition, and reduce the risk of getting shock at KAAUH (Huber 2006). Therefore, the staffs can cultivate their teamwork by their socializing (Syptak et al., 1999). It is important to notice that the working environment has an impact on the level of quality care and patient safety (Rashotte, 2008). Therefore, the health care organization at KAAUH should provide a healthy work environment for the nurses to be satisfied with the level of giving care and enhance the quality. Moreover, all the facilities, and required equipments are important to be available with an appropriate allocation of the personnel and adequate nurse patient ratio to avoid the possibility of overload. In addition, beside the physical environment, it is important that the organization at KAUH should motivate the staff to believe that their role is very critical in providing the care to increase their confidence and self esteem. It can be seen that through the staffs contribution in to practice, and good relationship with the other health care professions to work as teamwork, will resulted in a positive outcomes and high quality of care for the patients (Boughton, 2009; Rashott e, 2008; Syptak et al., 1999). Salary is considered as a controversial topic among the nurses and the health care organizations. The staff at KAAUH wants to be paid equally and fairly and not depend on the nationalities as the Indian and Filipinos salary are less that Saudis salary. In addition, if the staffs are not well paid they will not be satisfied with their work (swansburg. J and swansburg. C, 1999). 2. Motivator factors: Motivation factors ( responsibility, achievement, rewarding) are significant factors to be satisfied with the staff performance. However, the staff can be pleased with these factors only when the staff starts to the work, in contrast to hygiene factors which do not recognized how much the hard work is. One way of increasing the level of job satisfaction and motivate staff nurses in KAAUH is by giving them the freedom and the power to perform their tasks. Therefore, they will feel that they are capable and responsible within the quality of the care. Generally, as they become advance in their work they will add more responsibility. However, the added responsibility should be meaningful and exciting and not in sequence of overload. For example, the nurse manger can motivate their staff in the terms of increasing the accountability through the delegation process to develop new skills (Syptak et al., 1999). Achievement is the staffs aspect within the work and in the beginning of their career to be succeeded. To assist them in KAAUH, it is very important that the employees are allocated in the right position, so they can practice their skills, knowledge, and avoid the risk of work overload. Moreover, goals, policies, and standards at KAAUH should be clear for the staff nurses to follow. Furthermore, the staffs must be given a frequent, timely feedback on how they are doing within the work. Therefore, when the individuals have a success and achievement with the work at KAAUH, they need to be recognized for their achievement. Recognition of job performance is essential to staff nurse confidence and self esteem. It seems that acknowledgement and praise nurses achievement for a good handling of the situations are very significant issue to be considered by the nurse manager at KAAUH (Syptak et al., 1999; Coughlin, 2000). In terms of rewarding the staff for their achievement, it appeared as a good motivator to raise the level of their satisfaction at KAUH. However, there are different types of rewarding the staff nurses. The rewards can be financial and non-financial. Financial is monetary while the non-financial is a psychological rewards. Rewarding staff in KAAUH by giving the opportunity of continuing education is one type in relation to the advancement. According to Gieter et al., (2006) they demonstrated that the non-financial and psychological rewards are more important than the financial rewards. It can be evident that with the development of clinical advancement department in KAAUH, participating of education department and the role of the nurse managers to reward their staff in the hospital, the nurses will have the opportunity to advance their level of practice through several courses or conferences, knowledge, and the chance to conduct nursing research by supporting them as a reward for the ir achievement. To conclude, applying Herzbergs theory into KAAUH seems to experience some difficulties. Through this organization it is difficult to maintain a socializing between the staff. As a result of nursing shortage, there is no time for the staff to be socialized even though it is hard for the nurse manager to make an arrangement for it. Moreover, it appeared that rewarding system or department is not existed in this hospital, which requires an administrative support to develop it. However, while applying this theory, it seems that there is a considerable relation between hygiene and motivator factors which is not mentioned by Herzberg. Nevertheless, it is useful and applicable with salary, supervision, working environment, policy, and resposibility to provide a high productivity level. Conclusion: Nursing satisfaction is considered as the main concern for the all health care organizations in order to reduce the turnover rate. This paper suggests that through the concept definition of job satisfaction, high level of job satisfaction will improve the quality of nursing care, and lead to patient satisfaction. Moreover, Herzberg has identified two main factors that can be applied by many organizations to increase the level of staff satisfaction. Hygiene factors is related to job dissatisfaction, while motivation factors leading to job satisfaction. This theory has been used in several studies, nursing studies as well as management studies. Nursing studies applied Herzberg theory to increase their satisfaction in several aspects such as clinical supervision, rewarding and achievements, where as this paper attempted to apply the two factors theory (motivation and hygiene) in KAAUH to increase the satisfaction and enhance nursing care. It evident that Herzbergs theory is clear, adequ ate, consistent, and it has been widely used effectively. However, the debate of this theory was in the methodology, and the inability to recognize the relationship between these two variables (Lindsay, Marks and Gorlow 1967). Furthermore, the inability to differentiate between the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is reported as a critique of this theory (Huber. D 2006, Marquis. B, Huston. C 2003, Manisera. M et al., 2005). It should be noted that applying thi

Canon: Modifying a Successful Strategy Essay

Canon is a Japan-based manufacturer, with worldwide sales exceeding US$45 billion, and profits of almost US$3 billion. Canon’s well-known product lines include business machines, medical equipment, semiconductors, cameras, video equipment, and broadcast equipment. Business products account for 75 per cent of Canon’s total annual sales, cameras represent 18 per cent of sales, and optical equipment and other products comprise 7 per cent of sales. In most of its markets throughout the world, Canon’s major competitors are other Japan-based manufacturers, such as Sharp (which has a strong line of inexpensive photocopiers and other products aimed at the same small-business market that Canon often pursues, Minolta ( Japan’s largest camera manufacturer and Nikon (known for its technologically advanced products). It also competes against such U.S. firms as Xerox, Kodak and RCA. In 1985, Canon was the 125th largest firm in Fortune’s ranking of industrial corp orations outside the United Stats; today it is in the top 100, Because it is highly committed toward maximizing its long-term performance (as are most Japanese companies), Canon re-evaluated its overall Marketing approach and strategy – so that it may prepare properly for the future. In particular, Canon addressed these two areas: its need to be more market-oriented; and the need to maintain its strong level of foreign sales, particularly in North America and Europe. Over the years, Canon viewed itself as a technology-driven company. According to its corporate communications manager, â€Å"we aim to develop our own unique technologies, which can then form the basis of our products.† As a result, Canons new – product development has been considered a function of Research & Development, not Marketing. But then, the firm realized that this approach must be modified: Canon must change from a product-oriented company to a market-oriented one. Until now we have been more concerned with production and sales than Marketing. We will be focusing more closely on the needs of different consumer groups in each country and less concerned with the traditional production-oriented way of thinking. As part of the need to be more market-driven, Canon restructured from its present three product-based divisions (business machines, cameras, and optical equipment) to a more market-driven structure. In giving Marketing a greater role, Canon is also keeping this in mind: â€Å"As Marketing is made stronger, there is the risk it will weaken the motivation of the engineers who both pilot the new technologies and develop the new products.† With regard to its international efforts, Canon relies on overseas markets for 70 per cent of its total annual sales; this is a much higher percentage than for its competitors. For example, North America and Europe are Canons largest markets; each of these markets comprises 30 per cent of Canon’s sales. Annually, the company spends millions on media advertising, point-of-sale displays, and other promotion materials in North America and Europe. To be more responsive to foreign-market needs, Canon introduced a global Marketing system in recently. This system allows Canon to have similar products and Marketing approaches in various overseas markets while it better tailors business plans to the specialized needs of major market areas. For instance, Canon could develop a computer system with standardized hardware for all market areas, but with software that is tailored to each specialized market. To reduce the impact or trade barriers (such as trade-protection laws restricting the sales of foreign products in domestic markets) and the high value of the Japanese yen relative to other currencies (thereby making Japanese products more expensive in other markets), Canon has begun opening more Research & Development and production facilities abroad. The objective of such a strategy â€Å"is to make Canon a company with no national identity and free from trade friction, keeping production facilities close to the place of consumption.† 1aDescribe the potential areas of conflict between the research-and-development department and the Marketing department at Canon. 1b How may potential conflicts be minimized? 2a Evaluate pros and cons of Canon’s proposal to switch from product-based to market-based business units. 2bWhat are Canon’s new business unit names? Briefly describe the target segment for each business unit. 3.What are the advantages and limitations of using the Boston Consulting Group for business analysis? How can Canon use the BCG matrix in planning its Marketing strategy? 4aCritically assess Canon’s recent international Marketing decisions. 4bIn light of the restructuring, devise a new vision statement for Canon. (Hint: â€Å"A vision is a guiding image of success formed in terms of a contribution to society. If a strategic plan is the â€Å"blueprint† for an organization’s work, then the vision is the â€Å"artist’s rendering† of the achievement of that plan. It is a description in words that conjures up a similar picture for each member of the group of the destination of the group’s work together.†) 5.Why might is be necessary to modify a successful strategy?

Buy Argumentative Essay - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

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Stonehenge And Most Common Myths Of Stonehenge - 1090 Words

Mustafa Bubshait Dr. Sandra Karnes ENL 111 – 23 13 October 2014 Stonehenge Nothing in the life was built for nothing. Everything has a reason. The same apply for Stonehenge, pyramids, and many other ancients’ structures. Stonehenge is one of the oldest unsolved mysteries in the world. The ancient stone is located in Wiltshire, England. English Heritage organization is the responsible for looking after the monuments included with the Stonehenge. People always ask how come a monument was built before 3000 B.C. with naked hands. In this paper, the history of Stonehenge and most common myths of Stonehenge will be discussed in brief lines. Then, what the author thinks Stonehenge was built for would be discussed. Stonehenge history is one of the unsolved mystery by itself because the size of the stones. 3000 B.C. was a rough age that’s the people didn’t had the technology to carry these rocks. Researchers found that the gigantic stone used to build Stonehenge were brought from different area. The assumption is that the stones were carried and brought from somewhere else not close. Stonehenge was evolved and expanded in multi stages. It has gone under modification era after era. The builders aren’t known. In fact, the purpose or the theory behind Stonehenge is another puzzle hasn’t been solved yet. Since the age of the Stonehenge is beyond imagination, people came up with many myths about Stonehenge. Stonehenge may be built as an astronomical calendar. The way that the stonesShow MoreRelatedStonehenge Essays1777 Words   |  8 PagesStonehenge Research paper for ARC 1701 History of Architecture I Valencia Community College summer semester, 2010 Summarry: Stonehenge catches my attention because of the mystery that it has to it. All the theories about how it was built, why it was built, and for who it was built have not been proven to this day. 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